Strategic Management of Principals In Improving Quality Junior High Schools

Nurlatifah, Nurlatifah and Waslliman, Iim and Hanafiah, Hanafiah and Sauri, Supyan (2022) Strategic Management of Principals In Improving Quality Junior High Schools. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences, 3 (5). pp. 1983-1990. ISSN 2774-5406

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Abstract

he present study reports the first comprehensive study on the freshwater macroinvertebrates and its habitat preferences in Bilah River, the largest riverinthe Northern Sumatra. The riverside is characterized by the presence of anthropogenic and industrial activities which may alter the macroinvertebrate assemblage and biodiversity. Five months of investigation on 10 sampling stations from December 2016 to October 2017 was conducted based on the river flow in Bilah River. Principal component analysis indicated a decrease in trophic status from upstream to downstream of the river. A total of 27 taxa were recorded, with the most abundant group were members of Odonata, Gastropoda, and Decapoda. The highest density of macroinvertebrate was observed from station 1 (160 ind m-2), while the lowest density was observed from station 9 (38.64 ind m-2). Based on species distribution and similarity, two groups of habitatsmay be distinctively recognized based on the Bray-curtis similarity coefficient. Group 1 consisted of station 1, 2, 3 and 4 while group 2 consisted of station 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Based on the diversity indices as ecological parameters, the habitat condition in Bilah River is categorized from low to moderately polluted. Spatial patterns in both environmental conditions affecting the macroinvertebrate assemblage was observed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed the preferences from each macroinvertebrate species towards environmental conditions. Keywords:Bivalvia, bray-curtis, cannonical correspondenceanalysis, density, gastropoda

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1501 Primary Education
Divisions:	Pascasarjana > Ilmu Pendidikan (S3)
Depositing User:	Admin Administrator Uninus
Date Deposited:	12 Apr 2023 04:48
Last Modified:	13 Apr 2023 06:01
URI:	http://repository.uninus.ac.id/id/eprint/87

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